This means that sea ice is made up of mostly fresh water. When seawater freezes to form sea ice, salt is squeezed out and moves down into the water. The surface waters of the Arctic and Antarctic oceans become very cold and finally freeze. The winters in the Arctic and the Antarctic are extremely cold. However when the wind blows and the sea becomes rough, the two waters get all mixed up. This means that when rivers flow out into the sea the river freshwater floats on top of the sea water. Seawater is a little bit more dense than fresh water so it sinks beneath freshwater. Increasing the mass by adding salt increases the density. That stuff would be the salt, which makes the mass of water greater, without adding much to its volume.ĭensity = mass/volume. Salt water has more stuff in it than fresh water. (see image) Salt water is more dense than fresh water The other salts are made up of chlorine, sodium, magnesium, sulphur, calcium, and potassium. Or, put another way, one litre of seawater contains 35 grams of salt - that is approximately 6 teaspoons.Ībout 90% of sea salt is sodium chloride or table salt. That means that in a 100gm solution of salty water, there is 3.5 grams of salt. Ocean water has a salinity of about 3.5% salt. Salinity is a measure of how much salt there is in water. Watch this video demonstration that shows cold water sinking below warm water. That means that cold water will sink below warm water. Cold water is more dense than warm waterĬold water is heavier or more dense than warm water. The average surface temperature is about 17☌. The average temperature of the sea is about 2☌. For example the sea temperature around the Persian Gulf can be as warm as 36☌. The sea water around the equator can be very warm.The sea water around the Antarctic continent is always very cold.
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